The "Passive Income" trap ate a generation of entrepreneurs

(joanwestenberg.com)

82 points | by devonnull 2 hours ago

24 comments

  • hn_throwaway_99 43 minutes ago
    This article really felt like a misdiagnosis to me.

    Sure, a lot of these people were just buying hype from these "get rich from drop shipping!" influencers, just like a million other suckers who got dollar signs in their eyes with real estate schemes, pyramid sale schemes, yada yada, a tale as old as time. I don't think this "passive income" trap is really anything new, and I don't think it was some unique thing that "ate a generation of entrepreneurs", as if that trap didn't exist then instead we'd see all these successful people.

    Instead, what I think has drastically changed over the past 40 years or so is the ability of a solopreneur to make real money. Just look at all the posts on HN asking about how much people make on their side gigs. You rarely see anything more than a couple hundred bucks a month. There are notable exceptions, but unfortunately a lot of those notable exceptions are scammy, spammy business models. It's just simply much harder as a small/smaller business to make money and compete with the big boys. Wealth inequality doesn't just apply to people, but also companies. For example, in the past many entrepreneurial types may have started retail stores, while now it's incredibly difficult to compete with the likes of Amazon et al. I read an article recently that the number of public companies has halved compared to a few decades ago. The Wilshire 5000 stock index, for example, actually only includes about 3400-3700 companies now.

  • qurren 1 hour ago
    > Free to do what? Sit on a beach, apparently.

    Quite the opposite for me. I'd like to have freedom to work on things I want to work on without "paying rent", "paying medical bills", or "short term profitability" being a constraint.

    • dlcarrier 1 hour ago
      I went the lean FIRE route, and now work on whatever open-source projects I feel like, plus local in-person volunteer activities. It's a much better quality of life, even though my job had been enjoyable, the extra scheduling flexibility is really nice.
    • entropicdrifter 1 hour ago
      Yeah, I'm a musician and a certified audio engineer. I'd rather be writing and recording music than working for healthcare/mortgage costs
    • TremendousJudge 1 hour ago
      yeah, but the guys selling the courses were/are all obsessed with being at the beach
      • bluefirebrand 1 hour ago
        I'm pretty sure that being at the beach is really just universal marketing shorthand for "being somewhere that no one would ever expect you to even reply to emails from"
  • recursivecaveat 1 hour ago
    I appreciated when "passive income" was the flavor of the week because it was a good signpost for people you could ignore. In particular anybody who didn't understand that you could assign a present value to future income, or that infinite series can sum to finite values. Seriously, the prototypical example of being an author is not particularly passive income lol! A book being print-on-demand indefinitely != infinite income. 99% of copies will almost certainly be sold within a few years, not least due to active marketing on your part. It's very likely to be a worse deal than getting paid a quite modest and disappointing sounding amount up front.
    • sfRattan 1 hour ago
      The way it shakes out is that there's no widely accessible way of escaping actual, ongoing work, which is what unmotivated people actually hear behind the words "passive income." Whatever the industry/vertical/field, a tiny number will hit it so big that they can actually stop working. Everyone else can bolster their income with passive sources, but that passive income ultimately depends on continuing new stimulus into the market (new products/services, more work marketing) to keep the "passive" flow stable.

      If you look at the world of indie tabletop RPGs, for example: Kevin Crawford of Sine Nomine Press makes a very good living and a significant percentage of it is "passive" sales of his back catalog. But if he stopped publishing and promoting new game projects, sales of that back catalog would very likely shrivel to nothing within a calendar year.

      The open-secret ingredient is always more work.

      It's why someone like Crawford can afford to tell everyone exactly how he does what he does... Giving away extensive production files that show you his whole creative process, soup to nuts: 99% of people aren't going to put in the work necessary to sustain the passive portion of an individual income.

    • ghaff 1 hour ago
      And that 4 figure advance from a publisher won’t go far either even if you earn it out and get a few royalties.
    • bluGill 1 hour ago
      often the real value of writing a book is you can convince people to pay you to speak. I've had several classes at work where they gave me a book that had everything in the class.
  • hannahstrawbrry 1 hour ago
    "It was an ouroboros that had incorporated in Delaware and was running Facebook ads," is my favorite line I've seen in a minute, great read
    • zem 1 hour ago
      my favourite bit was

      8<------------

      Free to do what? Sit on a beach, apparently. Every single one of these people wanted to sit on a beach. I've never understood this. Have they been to a beach? There's sand. It gets everywhere. You can sit there for maybe three hours before you want to do literally anything else.

      8<------------

      I laughed out loud when I read it, because it's so true.

      • ghaff 1 hour ago
        I “retired” about a year ago. Back to actively doing some tech industry analyst stuff with some folks I know. Keeps me as busy as I care to be.
        • teamonkey 59 minutes ago
          I would dearly love to be as busy as I care to be.
      • michaelchisari 1 hour ago
        Nature is wonderful because it will relax and center oneself while making it clear why we created civilization.
      • paulddraper 1 hour ago
        I love the beach.

        Living near the beach is nice.

        You can sit on it, walk on it, swim on it, surf on it, run on it, fish on it.

        Better than a cement sidewalk, IMO.

        • zem 1 hour ago
          I love the ocean, but I have to confess I don't care much for beaches. sand gets everywhere.
          • paulddraper 2 minutes ago
            A lot of beaches happen to be near oceans.
  • quercusa 1 hour ago
    Got trapped in an Amway pitch in my teens and have been inoculated against such things ever since.
    • m463 1 minute ago
      You are reminding me about a day decades ago when a guy I met and his wife were sitting in my living room with my gf and I. He wanted to talk science fiction, and his wife and my gf were going to talk about nursing. Seemed like a nice couple until they started talking about "something they were doing" in a mysterious way...

      I remember saying, "sounds like scamway or something" and he actually had to say that it was in fact amway he was talking about. uncomfortable.

      didn't go much further than that.

      Looking backwards I realized how little friction we had getting to know these people, etc... sigh.

    • pc86 1 hour ago
      I wish Amway was bigger so more people would be exposed to it and be similarly inoculated.
      • bluGill 1 hour ago
        At least amway has real product. You are expected to sell to make money in the early years. In 30 years of real work you get a passive income retirement plan - but you need to put in real work selling things to get there.

        when you look at the real business model of those who have had success they are still selling the soap in retirement. It is not going to get you rich, but it isn't too bad a life.

        well it was - the only people I know in amway are in their 80s and so it may be different.

        amway deserves the hate. Truth is it isn't as easy as they tell you.

      • slyall 1 hour ago
        Well it was bigger. But the people who used to get swept by MLMs are now selling drop-shipping, affiliate websites or blockchain.
  • grebc 13 minutes ago
    Thanks for posting, great article and I read one of Joan’s pieces earlier this week without realising.
  • fmajid 11 minutes ago
    Get-rich-quick schemes/scams existed long before this generation.
  • eek2121 1 hour ago
    As someone who had actual passive income (small amount, a few hundred USD/mo) prior to my life being ruined by a medical accident: I agree (I killed my site because it was the right thing to do, I could not generate content for it because I couldn't function, so I did not want to waste the time/money of my users).

    One thing the author does NOT see, however, is that the local folks doing all the hard work like mowing lawns, building furniture, etc. are in absolute panic over "AI" because their niche little lawn mowing/car washing/house cleaning business has been determined to be irrelevant by ChatGPT, etc. Oh and before you ask, there are folks claiming they can solve that exact thing, and those hard working folks are buying those products, hoping it will solve their downtrend in internet leads.

  • pdonis 1 hour ago
    One thing in the article struck me as way too optimistic:

    > What actually makes money hasn't changed. You find something people need. You get good at providing it. You charge a fair price and you keep showing up even when it's tedious and even when you don't want to. You build relationships over years. You build reputation over years.

    You can make money doing this, yes--but most people who are really rich don't. There are lots of ways to game the system that don't involve the kinds of wacky things the article talks about.

    • grebc 18 minutes ago
      She does just mention passive income covering your monthly spend, which to be fair is not ‘really rich’.
  • zem 1 hour ago
    this is unquestionably the best thing I've read on hackernews this week, perhaps all this month. should be required reading in high school, for the mental lens it provides.
  • vonnik 1 hour ago
    “You can’t cheat an honest man.”

    While that isn’t always true, honesty is a great defense against being enlisted in scams that promise easy money.

  • yoyohello13 2 hours ago
    “Passive Income” is just the positive spin on rent seeking.
    • coredog64 1 hour ago
      "Rent seeking" has a specific definition* and it is not "I use large capital investments to generate regular payments". Buying housing with the intent of renting it is not rent seeking.

      This is Wikipedia, which is as good as most other definitions: Rent-seeking is the act of growing one's existing wealth by manipulating public policy or economic conditions without creating new wealth

      • michaelchisari 1 hour ago
        There is rent-seeking, rent extraction and the rentier class. All are a part of the process of enclosure. Landlords are included in this but it may not seem that way because enclosure happened so long ago.
      • valiant55 1 hour ago
        In what way does buying a property and renting it create wealth? Isn't buying a property with the intent to rent it manipulation of economic conditions?
        • pc86 1 hour ago
          If you think buying a house and renting it out "manipulates economic conditions" you need to prove it because that's a claim, especially with regard to "manipulate."
          • lotsofpulp 1 hour ago
            The manipulation is in the political limit of housing supply and the limit on land value tax rates.
            • jeffbee 1 hour ago
              The homevoter hypothesis is mostly nonsense. There isn't a coordinated, conscious effort to restrict the supply of homes based on rational expectations of excess returns. People restrict the supply of homes due to misguided aesthetic reflexes, racism, nostalgia, and a bunch of other stuff, not because they are mustache-twirling capitalists.
        • db48x 59 minutes ago
          Yes. The land is wealth, the house is wealth, and _living in_ the house is wealth. Like it or not, not everyone can afford to buy a house. Maybe they don’t have a down payment, or can’t get a good interest rate on a mortgage. Instead of renting money and using it to buy the house, they need to just rent the house instead. If there were no rentals available of any kind, they would go homeless¹. Having them renting something instead of going homeless makes wealth for both them and for society as a whole.

          ¹ We’ll just assume that homesteading is impossible these days.

      • butterlettuce 1 hour ago
        > Buying housing with the intent of renting it is not rent seeking.

        That’s… that’s rent seeking.

        And if you buy a house with the intent of renting it out, you’re a piece of shit.

        • didgetmaster 7 minutes ago
          Let me guess..you have an equal disdain for people who own hotels, rental cars, or work as an UBER driver.

          All these things involve renting out something to fill a temporary need.

        • OrderlyTiamat 1 hour ago
          Not necessarily. I rent my house, and the housing corporation who I rent from are not rent seekers, they provide a service to me which I'm happy with, and which they invest in.

          They could've bought up the land and house and not improved it at all and depend on the housing crisis deepening for increased resell profit- but they did not do so, they maintained this house I'm in and ensured me and future tenants can continue enjoying this place. That's not rent seeking.

        • pdonis 1 hour ago
          People who can't afford to buy a house need a place to live too. Believe it or not, there are people who buy houses with the intent of renting them out to those people, to actually help them.
        • em-bee 1 hour ago
          i could not afford the capital investment to buy a house, and i am not interested, it would only lock me down. my family once bought an apartment. we lived there for a few years. the mortgage payments were twice as high as the rent would have been. when we moved out we were told the place could not be sold. the family still has the place and it is probably still empty. lots of money wasted.

          when you buy a house with the intent to sell it for a profit, then you are driving up housing costs. i'd say that's even worse than renting it out.

        • jeffbee 1 hour ago
          Why? There are loads of people who can afford to rent a house but can't afford to rent a million dollars. I genuinely cannot understand where this hatred of people who rent out houses comes from.
    • beloch 1 hour ago
      Rent seeking is for those who already have capital and can use it to influence those with political power. "Passive income" is for those who don't own capital. One works. The other... often not.
    • lotsofpulp 1 hour ago
      I don’t think it’s even spin, it’s just the jargon the IRS uses. And wanting to make money while you sleep has been a thing long before 2015.
  • paulpauper 1 hour ago
    Isn't passive income a cornerstone of of the Rich Dad Poor Dad Books? This long predates 2020. I would say selling masks and only being $800 in the hole is a lot better than starting a "regular business" and down $80k-800k.
    • Glyptodon 1 hour ago
      My memory of RDPD was that it preaches getting assets which generate income, not that your management of those assets would be passive. Though obviously it also did have a subtext of "scale some kind of assets that generate income to a certain point and you can pay someone else to do more of the grunt work while you look into a new opportunity."
    • wj 1 hour ago
      You’re right. Books like the Four Hour Workweek and Escape From Cubicle Nation were guides to passive income twenty years ago.
      • ghaff 1 hour ago
        It’s not totally risk-free income (but what is) but a decent pile invested sensibly makes for pretty good passive income depending on your goals.
        • bluGill 1 hour ago
          now where do you get that pile to invest? I have a pile invested - but I'm close to retirement and it took me many years to save it up.
          • ghaff 27 minutes ago
            By working and investing. More successfully at some points than others. But you’re totally right that different people are better set up and more or less inclined to move on from a job than others.
    • ryandrake 1 hour ago
      Yes, it was the exact same scheme. Rich Dad Poor Dad was basically "Buy lots of cheap, crappy houses and become a slum lord" expanded into thousands of pages of books, seminars, and self help guides.
    • b00ty4breakfast 1 hour ago
      I've been hearing about "passive income" for at least the last 10 years, and I reckon it goes back further than that.
  • jazz9k 2 hours ago
    Passive income are just get rich quick schemes that were common decaded ago.

    I started a business like this, but it wasn't passive. I shipped everything to my office before inspecting and shipping product out.

    It lasted almost 10 years with 1 million annual revenue.

    It was not passive.

    • Ifkaluva 1 hour ago
      Sounds like you were running an import and distribution business. Not the same thing as drop shipping :) as the drop shipping people will joyfully tell you, “you’re not supposed to touch the product”
      • mrdependable 1 hour ago
        Dropshipping is just logistics. There is a lot of dropshipping that has nothing to do with ordering off Alibaba.
      • QuercusMax 1 hour ago
        the inspection part is a big deal. drop shippers don't add any value, but inspecting the goods (and rejecting those that don't meet spec) actually adds value.
  • bitwize 1 hour ago
    "Passive income" as your only financial salvation is one of those memes that broke off from the MLM "tool scam" industry, that is, selling courses, seminars, and other training materials to people in MLMs on the pretext of teaching them sales, marketing, and business, but it's really just brainwash material designed to keep them from leaving. The other big one is positive thinking/the law of attraction/"The Secret". If MLM is the kaiju, these are the spider-things that fell off the Cloverfield Monster's body and started killing people in the subway tunnels. But like how Robert Smith performed with Siouxsie Sioux as "The Glove" while still fronting The Cure, these memes have built plenty of side scams while still enjoying friendly partnership with MLM itself.
  • homeonthemtn 1 hour ago
    >But zoom out and what you had was just an enormous machine converting human ambition into noise.

    Ah, the story of a generation

  • fred_is_fred 52 minutes ago
    I'm not sure passive income is the right way to describe a drop shipping operation where you have to interact with customers. Passive income is $VT.
  • cucumber3732842 1 hour ago
    Everything I'd want to do on a "side gig to iron out the kinks and then eventual business" basis is regulated to the point where that path is economically impossible and the only way to be in the black is to take out a big f-ing loan, quit your job and go all in on your new business. And it's not just me, all my buddies have this gripe. We've all got skills and experience and equipment outside our immediate careers and we'd like to use those to provide value to people but there's just no way to do that inside the rules and none of us our interested in risking our retirements operating outside them.

    I just upped my retirement contribution and decided that the big evil BigCos can do all the value creating and the finance middle men can have their take.

    I guess that's the reason everyone does the slumlord or VRBO thing.

    • mothballed 1 hour ago
      Where I live out in the country there are a lot of people with those kind of businesses. They bring you the goods and services to/from in a truck. If you ask to look at what they have... they have no address and won't tell you anything more than their goods/services dropped from the sky. At that point, I don't try to probe further... if I am happy I would rather not know.
  • secretsatan 1 hour ago
    Met a guy that ran some dropshipping thing in a bar once, once he found out i was a programmer he kept on trying to get me to fix his website for free because it was easy, would not take no for an answer. I just kept upping how much money i would charge him till i got sick of it and left.

    I knew a few guys like that in crypto too, before crypto came along and they got into that, this guy told me he’d written a twitter app, it was a bot that pumped gold at some influencers command. Spurred me to write an app though.

    • nobleach 1 hour ago
      "My nephew makes websites, and he's 14... I could just have him do it"

      - Every client of mine during my contracting days. It took me way too long to reply with, "Oh that's great news! I wasn't sure of my availability, and was certain I was going to be way too expensive. Glad you got it figured out."

  • enraged_camel 1 hour ago
    Side note: after drowning in LLM-generated content, it's pretty refreshing to read something written by a human. They're a pretty good writer, too!
    • dlcarrier 1 hour ago
      Who needs LLM garbage when you have MLM garbage?
  • add-sub-mul-div 1 hour ago
    It's like the flood of AI shovelware projects being spammed here daily.

    Were these the people who were really going to do anything substantive anyway? Or just the shortcut-taking types?

  • faanghacker 2 hours ago
    This article has a narrow definition of passive income, limiting it to these low-barrier-to-entry schemes. Other parts of the FIRE world have emphasized being a landlord or flipping houses, for example.

    I personally made it happen by working a FAANG SWE job for 13 years, not getting sidetracked by the startup cult, saving and investing 70% of my after tax income, etc. And no I didn't get into crypto, but I still managed to make it with conventional investments.

    In fact, I chose to pursue a career in the tech industry in order to pursue financial independence in the first place. Because I knew back then (circa 2005) all the tech Kool aid was BS. That "don't be evil" was just a facade. And time has proven me right and my haters wrong, those who thought it was unethical for me to place wealth building ahead of career building.

    It's been four years since I've been out of a job. Now I'm creating more passion oriented content. I'm never bored.

    • zem 1 hour ago
      > those who thought it was unethical for me to place wealth building ahead of career building.

      that might well be the first time I've seen "career" and "ethical" conflated in that way. I've definitely seen the people who think you're a fool and possibly a sucker if you chase short term wealth over career stability, and there's definitely a veneer of unethicalness clinging to the notion of get-rich-quick, but I cannot understand how "establish yourself in a career" is an ethical concern.

    • HeyLaughingBoy 1 hour ago
      > thought it was unethical for me to place wealth building ahead of career building

      Twelve year olds?

      • faanghacker 1 hour ago
        High achieving college students.
    • paulpauper 1 hour ago
      This is the way. There is huge survivorship bias when it comes to start-ups, even AI start-ups. When it comes to wealth creation, it's hard to beat a 20-30% CAGR with big tech stocks since 2010 or so, which was doable.
  • georgemcbay 1 hour ago
    "Passive Income trap" wantrepreneurs haven't really gone away, they have just shifted to crypto rug pull culture and now prediction markets and app-based gambling.

    They'll keep existing as long as the root cause that creates them (massive wealth inequality in general and the growing delta between productivity and wages) exists, so probably until our financial systems fully collapse in about 2032.

    • ryandrake 1 hour ago
      These people migrate like geese through the exact same stuff. I knew a couple of people way early on into affiliate marketing, then they all migrated to LeadGen, then to Drop Shipping, then online poker, then crypto, then NFTs, and now of course, they're all doing AI gigs. It's the exact same group of people migrating like birds from scheme to scheme.