What is the actual benefit here? If we believe the doctor's oversight is required, the AI introduces a dangerous potential for error. If we don't think a doctor's oversight is required, the medication shouldn't require a prescription in the first place. What positive value does the AI actually add that isn't circumventing a legal requirement that we decided to put in place?
I think we came up with this dubious category of things that supposedly require oversight, but only to a minimal extent. Viagra, contraceptives, eyeglasses. You can already get these with near-zero diligence if you take the telehealth route, but I guess there's still someone who feels it would be a pressing societal issue if you took matters into your own hands and ordered the wrong kind of eyeglasses.
So here, AI isn't doing anything clever, it's just asking "are you sure you don't have a heart condition" and "are you sure you're not a crazy person". We don't really need LLMs for that, but if it's a catalyst for liberalization, fine.
Yes and if you need a controlled prescription, it’s super painful. Can’t be transferred to another pharmacy, etc. extremely difficult to fill reliably.
And the medications that are controlled vs uncontrolled (at least here in Texas) seem completely random.
AI is already being used to guide care outcomes and overrule doctors via “utilization management”.
I am a big believer in AI for drug discovery. But AI applied to patient care will never be used to benefit the patient or increase quality of care.
Cost reductions will be absorbed for profits. The medical industry has already aggressively implemented AI automation (imaging, automated note taking, etc) and in that period, costs have only increased.
People can be uneducated about medication, acetaminophen overdose is a leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. A little bit of a barrier and forced information about the concern might not be a bad thing but it doesn't require a doctor. A lot of medication probably falls in the same category but is on the other side of the prescription fence.
And doctors aren't infallible, AI (and rule based systems) can act as an extra safeguard for them as long as they don't blindly trust it.
The removing a prescription is a federal law, something that Utah can't overrule. Unfortunately some prescriptions are good for some medication and not great for others.
This is the type of reform that has been difficult to achieve in the US (And I presume other high-regulation, Western countries).
We usually regulate a one-size-fits-all approach to everything in medicine. An M.D. (or whatever NPs have?) is required to prescribe medicines, even medicines which are just the same or slightly stronger formulations of OTC medications like a 400mg Ibuprofen or a 1% hydrocortisone cream. Compare this to Mexico, where you can buy many of our "prescription-only" meds OTC.
A lot of healthcare issues are just not high-stakes. Requiring a doctor in these cases doesn't help the average patient, because the average patient would rather ignore the problem, or now, ask ChatGPT how to treat it with OTC options, than deal with the mess of scheduling doctor appointments, dealing with insurance (or in Canada, long wait times to see the doctor for free), only to get just 5 minutes with the actual doctor who may not even listen to you.
I know it's a tough pill to swallow for doctors, and I recognize that it's not doctors who chose the terrible healthcare system we have or decided that they should have 5-10 minutes with a patient. But I do think we need to change the rules for things that have little risk of causing harm but a great chance of improving the aggregate outcomes by increasing access to healthcare.
This is great. It removes a big time waste of appointments and procedures for things that you know you need.
I have for example had tonsilitis 5+ times, and a lot of common colds/flus/etc. I know how my body reacts and how it feels when I have one or the other.
Yet, I have to be screened by nurses, sent around, given weak antibiotics, and in general wasting a lot of time when I could just convince a model to give me the prescription.
I have a friend with acne who has the same issues with tretinoin prescriptions. Endless appointments and time waste.
There's other solutions that can also be explored.
Where I am in BC, Canada, pharmacists can prescribe specific medications for certain pre-approved conditions, and there is also the concept of an "emergency" refill for if you lose your medication or are unable to get an appointment in time, a few days of a previously prescribed medication can be provided.
At the end of the day, a better solution is to have tiers of prescription meds. Not everything needs to be gate-kept by MDs. If an AI can prescribe it, there is no reason a nurse, pharmacist or other medical professional shouldn't be able to as well.
I have for example hypersensitivity to radio waves. I know how my body reacts and how it feels when I'm exposed to such radiation, especially during vaxxine toxicity flareups.
Yet, I have to be screened by nurses, go through appointments with psychologists, and in general wasting a lot of time when I could just convince a model to prescribe the radium water I need.
If a 20 minute telehealth visit with a PA is a sufficient level of screening for a medication, it's hard to imagine a compelling reason why an AI system would not be.
Amazon's pharmacy prescribes a large swath of medications over text.
No call or video necessary.
To make things more complicated, every message I sent was responded to by a different nurse practitioner. So it seemed everytime i sent a response or question, it would get routed to a random NP and she would respond without reviewing the full conversation.
Works if you know what you need, and I can't imagine AI being a worse process than whatever Amazon is doing.
> Being a doctor is one of the jobs expected to be least at risk from AI replacement
Is it? At least as a customer I'd love to replace a doctor with AI. Humans suck, you have to wait so long for an appointment, they spend like 10 minutes on your case, and often have very outdated knowledge. The main issue is that vision still sucks and lack of embodiment is a problem. It could invoke "human subagents" for that.
Acne is a real problem for some people, but comparatively low stakes, mostly visual evaluation, and with pretty well-known solutions. (Of course everything has corner cases, but in general this is a well understood area.)
I have no idea how well this will go, but starting here rather than, say, robotic cancer treatments, can help AI medicine develop into more.
If it does go badly, then after a year we can re-evaluate and either give up or refine the system.
> Being a doctor is one of the jobs expected to be least at risk from AI replacement
I wouldn't say that, but it's certainly one where the consequences are high and doctor-in-the-loop seems highly desirable for the foreseeable future, especially since most patients are not going to be knowledgeable enough to realize the shortcomings of an LLM and make an informed decision about whether they're OK taking an LLM-prescribed medication.
Isotretinoin is a common acne medication and a bit of a breakthrough that also has potentially serious side effects. My take is more that if the medication is safe enough to be given out by an AI then maybe it should just be over the counter.
I’m all for this, but I think this is wild. I hope they have some hard programmed limits and guidelines baked in because otherwise people are going to turn these into the new pill mills.
While I am too ignorant to have an opinion about whether AI is a good idea, I do think that ungating relatively safe medications from needing an MD's prescription is a good idea.
You don't have to go to medical school to know what bad acne looks like, or how to treat a UTI. We should be working on tiering prescriptions based on ease of diagnosis and risk.
I'm curious if this will hold up, the people of Utah rejected that mega data center iirc, maybe they feel differently on this one because of what private equity has done to rural healthcare
Oooh, good point. I bet the pharmas love this. Get that expensive, foot-dragging doctor out of the sales loop and write several prescriptions for every patient encounter! The KPI goes from minimizing MD minutes to maximizing med profits.
So here, AI isn't doing anything clever, it's just asking "are you sure you don't have a heart condition" and "are you sure you're not a crazy person". We don't really need LLMs for that, but if it's a catalyst for liberalization, fine.
And the medications that are controlled vs uncontrolled (at least here in Texas) seem completely random.
I am a big believer in AI for drug discovery. But AI applied to patient care will never be used to benefit the patient or increase quality of care.
Cost reductions will be absorbed for profits. The medical industry has already aggressively implemented AI automation (imaging, automated note taking, etc) and in that period, costs have only increased.
And doctors aren't infallible, AI (and rule based systems) can act as an extra safeguard for them as long as they don't blindly trust it.
We usually regulate a one-size-fits-all approach to everything in medicine. An M.D. (or whatever NPs have?) is required to prescribe medicines, even medicines which are just the same or slightly stronger formulations of OTC medications like a 400mg Ibuprofen or a 1% hydrocortisone cream. Compare this to Mexico, where you can buy many of our "prescription-only" meds OTC.
A lot of healthcare issues are just not high-stakes. Requiring a doctor in these cases doesn't help the average patient, because the average patient would rather ignore the problem, or now, ask ChatGPT how to treat it with OTC options, than deal with the mess of scheduling doctor appointments, dealing with insurance (or in Canada, long wait times to see the doctor for free), only to get just 5 minutes with the actual doctor who may not even listen to you.
I know it's a tough pill to swallow for doctors, and I recognize that it's not doctors who chose the terrible healthcare system we have or decided that they should have 5-10 minutes with a patient. But I do think we need to change the rules for things that have little risk of causing harm but a great chance of improving the aggregate outcomes by increasing access to healthcare.
I have for example had tonsilitis 5+ times, and a lot of common colds/flus/etc. I know how my body reacts and how it feels when I have one or the other.
Yet, I have to be screened by nurses, sent around, given weak antibiotics, and in general wasting a lot of time when I could just convince a model to give me the prescription.
I have a friend with acne who has the same issues with tretinoin prescriptions. Endless appointments and time waste.
Step in the right direction
Where I am in BC, Canada, pharmacists can prescribe specific medications for certain pre-approved conditions, and there is also the concept of an "emergency" refill for if you lose your medication or are unable to get an appointment in time, a few days of a previously prescribed medication can be provided.
At the end of the day, a better solution is to have tiers of prescription meds. Not everything needs to be gate-kept by MDs. If an AI can prescribe it, there is no reason a nurse, pharmacist or other medical professional shouldn't be able to as well.
I have for example hypersensitivity to radio waves. I know how my body reacts and how it feels when I'm exposed to such radiation, especially during vaxxine toxicity flareups.
Yet, I have to be screened by nurses, go through appointments with psychologists, and in general wasting a lot of time when I could just convince a model to prescribe the radium water I need.
Step in the right direction.
If a 20 minute telehealth visit with a PA is a sufficient level of screening for a medication, it's hard to imagine a compelling reason why an AI system would not be.
To make things more complicated, every message I sent was responded to by a different nurse practitioner. So it seemed everytime i sent a response or question, it would get routed to a random NP and she would respond without reviewing the full conversation.
Works if you know what you need, and I can't imagine AI being a worse process than whatever Amazon is doing.
Is it? At least as a customer I'd love to replace a doctor with AI. Humans suck, you have to wait so long for an appointment, they spend like 10 minutes on your case, and often have very outdated knowledge. The main issue is that vision still sucks and lack of embodiment is a problem. It could invoke "human subagents" for that.
Acne is a real problem for some people, but comparatively low stakes, mostly visual evaluation, and with pretty well-known solutions. (Of course everything has corner cases, but in general this is a well understood area.)
I have no idea how well this will go, but starting here rather than, say, robotic cancer treatments, can help AI medicine develop into more.
If it does go badly, then after a year we can re-evaluate and either give up or refine the system.
I wouldn't say that, but it's certainly one where the consequences are high and doctor-in-the-loop seems highly desirable for the foreseeable future, especially since most patients are not going to be knowledgeable enough to realize the shortcomings of an LLM and make an informed decision about whether they're OK taking an LLM-prescribed medication.
unless frontier models (or whatever employs in medicine) are being kind enough to absorb the lawsuits here, I don't see how this ends well.
Just in case anyone else has the gut "oh ffs" reaction to this.
You don't have to go to medical school to know what bad acne looks like, or how to treat a UTI. We should be working on tiering prescriptions based on ease of diagnosis and risk.
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/opioid-manufacturer-purdue-ph...
https://www.propublica.org/article/purdue-settlement-leaves-...
I'm curious if this will hold up, the people of Utah rejected that mega data center iirc, maybe they feel differently on this one because of what private equity has done to rural healthcare
big /s